Endocrine Abstracts

Resistin, a novel signalling molecule isolated in mice, has been suggested to be the putative hormone thought to link obesity with type 2 diabetes. As central obesity is associated with a higher risk of diabetes, we compared resistin mRNA expression in abdominal fat depots to thigh and breast adipose tissue. Mononuclear cells are also known to expression resistin, therefore, CD45 expression (a marker of mononuclear blood cells), was also analysed. RNA was extracted from 32 hum...

Adiponectin is an adipocyte derived-hormone, associated with insulin sensitivity and a lower risk of atherosclerosis. As central rather than gluteo-femoral fat is known to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease we investigated the mRNA and protein expression of adiponectin in human adipose tissue depots. RNA and protein was extracted using a cohort of 46 human adipose tissue samples (non-diabetic (ND) (age: (mean plus/minus SD) 44.33 plus/minus ...

(This poster is based on OC18.)...

Adiponectin (acrp30) is an adipocyte derived-hormone, associated with insulin sensitivity and lower risk of atherosclerosis. Plasma adiponectin concentrations are decreased in obese and type 2 diabetic subjects with insulin resistance. As central rather than gluteo-fermoral fat is known to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease we investigated the expression of adiponectin in human adipose tissue depots. We examined expression of adiponectin mRNA level...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with insulin resistance/ hyperinsulinaemia and chronic sub-clinical inflammation that is considered important in the pathogenesis of macrovascular disease. We propose activation of the innate immune system, a biologically conserved first line immune response, within adipose tissue by endotoxaemia secondary to hyperinsulinaemia as one of the causes of this phenomenon. Hyperinsulinaemia may lead to altered gut permeability and result...

Central obesity is strongly associated with insulin resistance and chronic sub-clinical inflammation, which is implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, the mechanisms underlying this link remain unclear. Recently JNK, a mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), has been implicated in obesity and insulin resistance by interfering with insulin action. Studies in rodent models show that phosphorylated JNK-1 is elevated in obesity, whilst the absence of JNK...

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS)is important for the regulation of blood pressure with its blockade shown to reduce the vascular complications of diabetes. Adipose tissue expresses the RAS system and may contribute to obesity associated hypertension. Our previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that in human adipose tissue production of both angiotensinogen (AGT) and the active metabolite angiotensin II are stimulated by insulin. The present study investigated the ...

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a centrally expressed peptide with potent orexigenic properties, released post-prandially to stimulate appetite, regulated by insulin and altered by obesity. NPY is expressed in adipose tissue which suggests it may have a potential effect on altering appetite control in obesity. To date no study has investigated NPY and its regulation in human adipose tissue. Therefore, the aims of this study were to 1) determine the depot-specific expression in abdomin...

CGRP, a potent vasodilator, is elevated in the intense periods during menopausal hot flushes and presently represents a candidate mediator of vasomotor symptoms. However due to the short half-life of CGRP, the local paracrine effects may be more important than systemic effects. These local paracrine effects may be mediated in conjunction with adipose tissue, due to close physical proximity with the vasculature; as well as altered oestrogen metabolism following menopause. There...

Obesity-mediated diabetes is associated with insulin resistance/hyperinsulinaemia and chronic sub-clinical inflammation. Recent studies have highlighted fatty liver(steatosis) as a risk factor for diabetes. Fatty liver disease (FLD) progresses through fatty liver, necro-inflammation (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH) and fatwith fibrosis. In addition, hepatic steatosis per se can lead to hepatic insulin resistance/hyperin...